“Common Sense” by Thomas Paine

1. "God; let a crown be placed thereon, by which the world may know, that so far as we approve of monarchy, that in America THE LAW IS KING. For as in absolute governments the King is law, so in free countries the law ought to be King; and there ought to be no other. But lest any ill use should afterwards arise, let the crown at the conclusion of the ceremony be demolished, and scattered among the people whose right it is. "
Paine says that in America, instead of having a royal king, they would have laws that are better. He says that they are the same thing, because in absolute governments the king makes the laws, but in free government, the laws rule them.

2. "For all men being originally equals, no one by birth could have a right to set up his own family in perpetual preference to all others for ever, and though himself might deserve some decent degree of honors of his cotemporaries, yet his descendants might be far too unworthy to inherit them." The colonists adopted the idea that there should not be just one family of generations ruling over a country. Everyone is equal, so anyone who is worthy enough may rule.

3. "No country on the globe is so happily situated, so internally capable of raising a fleet as America. Tar, timber, iron, and cordage are her natural produce. We need go abroad for nothing... A navy when finished is worth more than it cost... Let us build; if we want them not, we can sell; and by that means replace our paper currency with ready gold and silver. "This quote shows the Americans that they had the resources to rebel. Paine is stating that America is the most prosperous country on Earth with its natural resources being able to equip them so they don't need to import anything. If they had any materials they didn't want, they could export them and instead of paper currency, they would have silver and gold on hand.

Quotes from http://www.ushistory.org/paine/commonsense

What is Enlightenment?

1. Kant means men that have leisure time to think and arnt working all the time or living in fear of the government are free.
2. Freedom is important to the enlightenment because without it people cant speak their mind and enlighten others without being put in prison. It is also important because the people that come up with the philosophys need free time to think.
3. To become enlightened, people need to apply understanding to religeous issues confidently and without external guidance. Thay need to be released from their self imposed imaturity. The envirenment is a world in whitch people live freely.
4. Kant relates enlightenment to politics by saying that rulers dont have a problem with enlightenment or their subjects speaking freely as long as they obey the ruler's laws.

Offices of the Roman Republic

The Consuls are similar the the president. The consuls held the highest military comand and the president is the comander in chief. The consuls had to be 41 or 42 years old and the president must be 35. The consul is different becasue there are 2 and the had administrative, legistative and judicial power.

A Quaestor was similar to a chief of police. The quaestor investigated criminal acts just like a police pfficer. They also had power over armies and officers just like a chief of police has power over all police officers in that city. The Quastors were different because thay handled financial affairs.

The Roman Senate is different than the American Senate because The Roman Senate was an advisory for the consuls but hte american senate makes laws. The Roman senate controlled the treasury but the american senate does not.

Pericles Funeral Oration

1. According to Pericles Athens's form of democracy makes them great because any man can participate in government or law making. He says everyone is equal,"
Our form of government is called a democracy because its administration is in the hands, not of a few, but of the whole people. In the settling of private disputes, everyone is equal before the law." They also have alot of free time for festivals, athletic contests, and dramatics.
2. The other city-states train their boys from an early age and bring their allies to battles. Athens has a navy and land troops. They dont continually prepare for battle. Pericles says,"
Athenian, as far as I can see, is more self-reliant as an individual and behaves with exceptional versatility and grace in the more varied forms of activity."
3. Athens doesnt want help from other greek city-states. The Athenians also think someone who doesnt participate in government is "one who is good for nothing".

Top 10 World Issues

10. nuclear weapons- we live in fear of a massive nuclear war with millions of innocent casualties.

9. natural disasters- are a problem for countries not prepared and kill alot of people.

8. racism- is the cause of alot of hate in America and the world. It causes crime.

7. health issues- many people dont have proper health care and die everyday. people with disease who arent treated can spred disease

6. conflicts in Africa-the countries are unable to develop and many innocent people are killed. The countrys' debt grows and more conflict occurs.

5. global warming- is destroying the environment and we are running out of oil.

4. terrorism- kills inocent people and leads to war.

3. poverty- leads to crime, starvation, disease and overpopulation.

2. food and agricultural issues- as the worlds population grows and more people live in poverty farmers will have trouble growing enough food to support the worlds population.

1. human population- is growing rapidly and if we dont slow it down we will run out of space for people to live and more people will starve to death and live in poverty.

Plato & Aristotle Notes

Plato

• Socrates-plato-aristotle
• Plato comes from wealthy bakground
• watched socrates execution
• believed that gods created people but they didnt control peoples lives
• he started the academy where he taught lots of things
• had the idea of hell
• had 3 classes desiring,spirited and rational
• thought rational should rule

Aristotle

• Cerca 384-322
• Moved to athens when he was 17 and stayed for 20 yrs
• became a teacher at the academy
• when plato died he left
• Met the masadonian king phillip 2
• he taught phillips son alexander the great
• went back to athens started school-Lyceum
• for class he went on walks and talked he had 2 classes
• in the morning a small priveledged class and in the afternoon the public
• its called esoteric and exoteric
• lives alone then dies a yre after alexander
• wrote lots of books some about science
• understand your position in life
• believed in geocentricity and 4 elements wind/water/fire/earth
• didnt believe evolution and thought heavy objects fall faster than light ones
• believed our souls were inside our body but htey clouldnt leave
• thought exellence could only be achieved by mature educated upper class men

Plato was educated and he didint believeed only educate people should be in government.

Aristotle believed that the spartan government was the best just like Plato and he was Platos student.