1.Plato and Aristotle Outline
I. Introduction
a.Restate question
b.Introduce main ideas of essay
II. Plato
a.Background/Academy
b.Republic
c.Ideas on Tyrannyd.Ideas of rulers-(very educated, philosopher king)
e.Ideas of government
III. Aristotle
a.Background
b.Politics-what he wrote(main idea of books)
c.Ideas on tyranny
d.Ideas on government
e.Ideas on rulers and subjects
IV. Comparison of Likeness and Differences
a.Society
b.Government
c.Justice
V. Conclusion
a.Brief summary
b.Significances
2. Enlightenment Outline
I. Intro
a. What is the Enlightenment?
b. When did it happen?
c. What effects did it have?
d. What did it inspire?
II. History
a. Age of Reason - briefly mention it, made of what?
b. Scientific Revolutiona. ideas and thinkers
c. How did it lead to the Enlightenment?
III. Enlightenment
a. Impact of the Enlightenment
b. Global Significancea. How each idea played a part?
c. things or people it inspired
3Latin American Slave Revolt
I. Beginning.
a. How are the Creoles
b. Why are they unhappy?
II.. Indians/Mestizos
a. Why are they unhappy?
b. Start of the revolution
c. Napoleon invades Spain
d. Junta Control
e. Creoles declare independence from Spain
III. Slave Revolt
a. Spain turns slaves against creoles
b. Slaves decide to side with creoles instead
c. Result: Latin America severs ties with Spain
IV. Significance
a. None but economical ties with Spain
b. Change in social class?
Sunday, October 19, 2008
Message to the Congress of Angostura
1. Bolivar thinks that Latin America should have freedom becuase they have government set up already. They are similar to the United States with two houses and people elected who govern them, "Like the North Americans, we have divided national representation into two chambers: that of Representatives and the Senate. The first is very wisely constituted." This was also made in US revolution where the colonists made two houses for their government after revolting and gaining their freedom.
2. He also asks for a Sovereign power for Venezuela. He thinks that the people would only benefit from electing their own official. The person can only benefit the nation because the constitution set boundaries in which the new person in power cannot break, "No matter what citizen occupies this office, he will be aided by the Constitution, and therein being authorized to do good, he can do no harm, because his ministers will cooperate with him only insofar as he abides by the law." This pre-existing constitution is just another reason why Bolivar believes they should be free. Like other nations such as France, the Latin American countries had made documents during or before the revolution in order to protect and preserve their rights after the revolution.
3. Simon also believes that being under Spanish influence, the people of Latin America had bad virtues and beliefs. The people believe it is actually a complete opposite, "Ambition and intrigue abuses the credulity and experience of men lacking all political, economic, and civic knowledge; they adopt pure illusion as reality; they take license for liberty, treachery for patriotism, and vengeance for justice." This could be fatal because if they do gain freedom, it will be short lived because of their false ideals. Some people think that it is like the Jacobins in France because of their radical ideas. If they were not removed from power, they might have had another revolution from the people fearing for their lives and fighting back.
4. The Latin American countries also feel they should have freedom because they will have applicable canidates to rule over themselves. The people who will rule will be well educated and have enlightened ideas and knowledge, "The people are more easily deceived than is Natureperfected by art; and although these senators, it is true, would not be bred in an environment that is all virtue, it is equally true that they would be raised in an atmosphere of enlightenededucation." Bolivar realizes these people will not be perfect but thier ideas will further help the nations.
2. He also asks for a Sovereign power for Venezuela. He thinks that the people would only benefit from electing their own official. The person can only benefit the nation because the constitution set boundaries in which the new person in power cannot break, "No matter what citizen occupies this office, he will be aided by the Constitution, and therein being authorized to do good, he can do no harm, because his ministers will cooperate with him only insofar as he abides by the law." This pre-existing constitution is just another reason why Bolivar believes they should be free. Like other nations such as France, the Latin American countries had made documents during or before the revolution in order to protect and preserve their rights after the revolution.
3. Simon also believes that being under Spanish influence, the people of Latin America had bad virtues and beliefs. The people believe it is actually a complete opposite, "Ambition and intrigue abuses the credulity and experience of men lacking all political, economic, and civic knowledge; they adopt pure illusion as reality; they take license for liberty, treachery for patriotism, and vengeance for justice." This could be fatal because if they do gain freedom, it will be short lived because of their false ideals. Some people think that it is like the Jacobins in France because of their radical ideas. If they were not removed from power, they might have had another revolution from the people fearing for their lives and fighting back.
4. The Latin American countries also feel they should have freedom because they will have applicable canidates to rule over themselves. The people who will rule will be well educated and have enlightened ideas and knowledge, "The people are more easily deceived than is Natureperfected by art; and although these senators, it is true, would not be bred in an environment that is all virtue, it is equally true that they would be raised in an atmosphere of enlightenededucation." Bolivar realizes these people will not be perfect but thier ideas will further help the nations.
Monday, October 6, 2008
Declaration of the Rights of Man
- All men are free and slavery is illegal.
- The governments goal is to maintain mans rights. The rights are liberty, property, security and resistance to oppresion.
- You dont have authority or power unless the government gives it to you.
- Men can do whatever they want as long os they dont endanger other mens rights and the law determines the limits of a mans rights.
- The law only prohibits things that hurt societ or other peoples rights. Men cant be stopped from doing things that are legal and can not be forced to do anything.
- The laws are what the people want. Every citizen can participate in making the laws or have a representative that participates for them. All citezens have equal right to public representation and law.
- No one shall be accused and arrested unless they disobeyed the law. Those that do will be punished. Any citizen arrested must give in easily for those that resist will be accused an offense.
- The law shall provide for such punishments only as are strictly andobviously necessary, and no one shall suffer punishment except it be legallyinflicted in virtue of a law passed and promulgated before the commission ofthe offense.
- One who has been falsely accused must comply with police regulations and must be detained without resistance.
- No person will be not allowed to act or speak because of his/her opinions as long as it does not affect public safety or order.
- Every person can speak, write, and print text freely, but the person will be punished if he/she abuses the right.
- The rights of man require military forces for potection, and they are for the good of all not not for personal use.
- Taxes are necessary to maintain public forces & the cost of administration. These taxes will be equally distributed.
- People can vote for how much the public should contribute to the well fare of society.
- Society has the right to know about what goes on in the administration.
- An area without laws and no difference in power has no constitution or does not abide by it.
- Everyone has the right to property and it can only be taken away under specific governmental uses. However under these uses, the owner will be supplicated by the government.
Monday, September 29, 2008
“Common Sense” by Thomas Paine
1. "God; let a crown be placed thereon, by which the world may know, that so far as we approve of monarchy, that in America THE LAW IS KING. For as in absolute governments the King is law, so in free countries the law ought to be King; and there ought to be no other. But lest any ill use should afterwards arise, let the crown at the conclusion of the ceremony be demolished, and scattered among the people whose right it is. "
Paine says that in America, instead of having a royal king, they would have laws that are better. He says that they are the same thing, because in absolute governments the king makes the laws, but in free government, the laws rule them.
2. "For all men being originally equals, no one by birth could have a right to set up his own family in perpetual preference to all others for ever, and though himself might deserve some decent degree of honors of his cotemporaries, yet his descendants might be far too unworthy to inherit them." The colonists adopted the idea that there should not be just one family of generations ruling over a country. Everyone is equal, so anyone who is worthy enough may rule.
3. "No country on the globe is so happily situated, so internally capable of raising a fleet as America. Tar, timber, iron, and cordage are her natural produce. We need go abroad for nothing... A navy when finished is worth more than it cost... Let us build; if we want them not, we can sell; and by that means replace our paper currency with ready gold and silver. "This quote shows the Americans that they had the resources to rebel. Paine is stating that America is the most prosperous country on Earth with its natural resources being able to equip them so they don't need to import anything. If they had any materials they didn't want, they could export them and instead of paper currency, they would have silver and gold on hand.
Quotes from http://www.ushistory.org/paine/commonsense
Paine says that in America, instead of having a royal king, they would have laws that are better. He says that they are the same thing, because in absolute governments the king makes the laws, but in free government, the laws rule them.
2. "For all men being originally equals, no one by birth could have a right to set up his own family in perpetual preference to all others for ever, and though himself might deserve some decent degree of honors of his cotemporaries, yet his descendants might be far too unworthy to inherit them." The colonists adopted the idea that there should not be just one family of generations ruling over a country. Everyone is equal, so anyone who is worthy enough may rule.
3. "No country on the globe is so happily situated, so internally capable of raising a fleet as America. Tar, timber, iron, and cordage are her natural produce. We need go abroad for nothing... A navy when finished is worth more than it cost... Let us build; if we want them not, we can sell; and by that means replace our paper currency with ready gold and silver. "This quote shows the Americans that they had the resources to rebel. Paine is stating that America is the most prosperous country on Earth with its natural resources being able to equip them so they don't need to import anything. If they had any materials they didn't want, they could export them and instead of paper currency, they would have silver and gold on hand.
Quotes from http://www.ushistory.org/paine/commonsense
Sunday, September 21, 2008
What is Enlightenment?
- Kant means men that have leisure time to think and arnt working all the time or living in fear of the government are free.
- Freedom is important to the enlightenment because without it people cant speak their mind and enlighten others without being put in prison. It is also important because the people that come up with the philosophys need free time to think.
- To become enlightened, people need to apply understanding to religeous issues confidently and without external guidance. Thay need to be released from their self imposed imaturity. The envirenment is a world in whitch people live freely.
- Kant relates enlightenment to politics by saying that rulers dont have a problem with enlightenment or their subjects speaking freely as long as they obey the ruler's laws.
Sunday, September 14, 2008
Offices of the Roman Republic
The Consuls are similar the the president. The consuls held the highest military comand and the president is the comander in chief. The consuls had to be 41 or 42 years old and the president must be 35. The consul is different becasue there are 2 and the had administrative, legistative and judicial power.
A Quaestor was similar to a chief of police. The quaestor investigated criminal acts just like a police pfficer. They also had power over armies and officers just like a chief of police has power over all police officers in that city. The Quastors were different because thay handled financial affairs.
The Roman Senate is different than the American Senate because The Roman Senate was an advisory for the consuls but hte american senate makes laws. The Roman senate controlled the treasury but the american senate does not.
A Quaestor was similar to a chief of police. The quaestor investigated criminal acts just like a police pfficer. They also had power over armies and officers just like a chief of police has power over all police officers in that city. The Quastors were different because thay handled financial affairs.
The Roman Senate is different than the American Senate because The Roman Senate was an advisory for the consuls but hte american senate makes laws. The Roman senate controlled the treasury but the american senate does not.
Pericles Funeral Oration
1. According to Pericles Athens's form of democracy makes them great because any man can participate in government or law making. He says everyone is equal,"
Our form of government is called a democracy because its administration is in the hands, not of a few, but of the whole people. In the settling of private disputes, everyone is equal before the law." They also have alot of free time for festivals, athletic contests, and dramatics.
2. The other city-states train their boys from an early age and bring their allies to battles. Athens has a navy and land troops. They dont continually prepare for battle. Pericles says,"
Athenian, as far as I can see, is more self-reliant as an individual and behaves with exceptional versatility and grace in the more varied forms of activity."
3. Athens doesnt want help from other greek city-states. The Athenians also think someone who doesnt participate in government is "one who is good for nothing".
Our form of government is called a democracy because its administration is in the hands, not of a few, but of the whole people. In the settling of private disputes, everyone is equal before the law." They also have alot of free time for festivals, athletic contests, and dramatics.
2. The other city-states train their boys from an early age and bring their allies to battles. Athens has a navy and land troops. They dont continually prepare for battle. Pericles says,"
Athenian, as far as I can see, is more self-reliant as an individual and behaves with exceptional versatility and grace in the more varied forms of activity."
3. Athens doesnt want help from other greek city-states. The Athenians also think someone who doesnt participate in government is "one who is good for nothing".
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