Unit 2 Short Answer Quesitons

1. The Enclosure movement was the taking over of small farms by large plantations. The families who lived a rural lifestyle for centuries all now had to find occupations. This led to urbanization, or the movement of people into cities. These people lived harsh lives in overpopulated cities, working long hours in factories and mines. The population of cities shot up suddenly, leading to the industrial revolution and the growth of cities.

2)Mass Society is a society in which the concerns of the majority play an important role. The majority during the Industrial Revolution were the middle and lower class citizens. Before mass society the upper class, factory owners, had the most power in the society. The government didn't interfere with how the factories work mostly because their source of money came from the factories. However, when "mass society" started to developed, government officials switched their focused to the middle and lower class. This is because the middle and lower class then had the power to vote in or out anyone from office. Therefore, the power in society switched from the least populated upper class to the majority, the middle and lower class.

3. Immigration and the decline of slave trade led to an expanse in the labor unions because it meant that the these people who were the majority of the laborers had more rights and they wanted to fight to keep them. If companies tried to take the rights away from these people or force unjust working conditions than the workers would be able to strike if they felt this was unfair and force the companies to submit to their desires or find different workers. These people would beable to fight for their new rights if the formed Labor Unions.

Obama’s Cabinet

Secretary of State: Richard G. Lugar. He has many years of experience as both a senator and a mayor.He has made a major impact upon people both local and worldwide. His foreign policies and efforts of dismantling nuclear weapons around the world are quite commendable as well.


Secretary of Energy- T. Boone Pickens. He has already formulated a plan for energy and how to stop using foreign oil. He has 50 years of experience in the oil industry which can be beneficial in understanding how the business works and is run.


Treasury – Warren Buffett was declared the richest man in the world by Forbes in early 2008. He is a well known philanthropist. He has given away millions to charities worldwide and raised money through dozens of fundraisers. We need someone who knows how to control money and deal with it frugally.

Defense- COLIN POWELL. Powell should become Secretary of Defense because he has gained respect and experience in the military. He is a Former General. He has the experience and knowledge of the military which is essential for this Cabinet position.

Homeland Security: Rudy Giuliani - Served as Mayor of New York City for 2 terms. In 2001, Time magazine named him "person of the year". Crime rates dropped in New York when he became mayor. He Established a strong law enforcement system.

Working Conditions during the Industrial Revolution

1. The evidence from the Sadler committee showed how bad the working conditions were for most workers. They helped establish more rights for the workers and showed that if the conditions improved so would the work and the quality of the work. Peter Smart was barely getting enough money for himself and his sick mother. Even though he was currently a slave driver, he still thought that things could improve for the workers.

2.The evidence in the Saddler Committee was the most influential to the formation of the Factory Acts of 1833 because the acts were made mostly to establish a regular working day in the textile industry. There were limitations for how many hours the children worked for and the number of hours depended on their age. The Factory Acts also enforced a mandatory break for the children and education. Also, children under the age of 9 weren't aloud to work in the textile industry. One of the Factory Acts is applicable in each of the sources from the Saddler Committee.

Essay on Population & Wealth of Nations

Essay on Population

• geometric ratio- population doubles every twenty five years
• when the population grows, the labor force increases, and as a result the laborers are paid less
• if people don't get enough food, they will die
• the ratio of population to agriculture is uneven
  famine, war, natural disasters, and diseases are necessary in order to decrease the
• population when needed and keep it at a steady level

Wealth of Nations

• Nations get money from working which is used to sell or get products needed.
• There will be a surplus of food if there is a large amount of workers and work done.
• Division of labor: A small work force doesn't need many supplies and a large work force needs more supplies.
• People are given specific jobs to make only part of a certain product.
• The produce depends on the wages of labor, for example wages are higher if the product is useful

Unit 1 Exam Outlines

1.Plato and Aristotle Outline
I. Introduction
a.Restate question
b.Introduce main ideas of essay

II. Plato
a.Background/Academy
b.Republic
c.Ideas on Tyrannyd.Ideas of rulers-(very educated, philosopher king)
e.Ideas of government

III. Aristotle
a.Background
b.Politics-what he wrote(main idea of books)
c.Ideas on tyranny
d.Ideas on government
e.Ideas on rulers and subjects

IV. Comparison of Likeness and Differences
a.Society
b.Government
c.Justice

V. Conclusion
a.Brief summary
b.Significances


2. Enlightenment Outline
I. Intro
a. What is the Enlightenment?
b. When did it happen?
c. What effects did it have?
d. What did it inspire?

II. History
a. Age of Reason - briefly mention it, made of what?
b. Scientific Revolutiona. ideas and thinkers
c. How did it lead to the Enlightenment?
III. Enlightenment
a. Impact of the Enlightenment
b. Global Significancea. How each idea played a part?
c. things or people it inspired



3Latin American Slave Revolt

I. Beginning.
a. How are the Creoles
b. Why are they unhappy?

II.. Indians/Mestizos
a. Why are they unhappy?
b. Start of the revolution
c. Napoleon invades Spain
d. Junta Control
e. Creoles declare independence from Spain

III. Slave Revolt
a. Spain turns slaves against creoles
b. Slaves decide to side with creoles instead
c. Result: Latin America severs ties with Spain

IV. Significance
a. None but economical ties with Spain
b. Change in social class?

Message to the Congress of Angostura

1. Bolivar thinks that Latin America should have freedom becuase they have government set up already. They are similar to the United States with two houses and people elected who govern them, "Like the North Americans, we have divided national representation into two chambers: that of Representatives and the Senate. The first is very wisely constituted." This was also made in US revolution where the colonists made two houses for their government after revolting and gaining their freedom.

2. He also asks for a Sovereign power for Venezuela. He thinks that the people would only benefit from electing their own official. The person can only benefit the nation because the constitution set boundaries in which the new person in power cannot break, "No matter what citizen occupies this office, he will be aided by the Constitution, and therein being authorized to do good, he can do no harm, because his ministers will cooperate with him only insofar as he abides by the law." This pre-existing constitution is just another reason why Bolivar believes they should be free. Like other nations such as France, the Latin American countries had made documents during or before the revolution in order to protect and preserve their rights after the revolution.

3. Simon also believes that being under Spanish influence, the people of Latin America had bad virtues and beliefs. The people believe it is actually a complete opposite, "Ambition and intrigue abuses the credulity and experience of men lacking all political, economic, and civic knowledge; they adopt pure illusion as reality; they take license for liberty, treachery for patriotism, and vengeance for justice." This could be fatal because if they do gain freedom, it will be short lived because of their false ideals. Some people think that it is like the Jacobins in France because of their radical ideas. If they were not removed from power, they might have had another revolution from the people fearing for their lives and fighting back.

4. The Latin American countries also feel they should have freedom because they will have applicable canidates to rule over themselves. The people who will rule will be well educated and have enlightened ideas and knowledge, "The people are more easily deceived than is Natureperfected by art; and although these senators, it is true, would not be bred in an environment that is all virtue, it is equally true that they would be raised in an atmosphere of enlightenededucation." Bolivar realizes these people will not be perfect but thier ideas will further help the nations.

Declaration of the Rights of Man

1. All men are free and slavery is illegal.


2. The governments goal is to maintain mans rights. The rights are liberty, property, security and resistance to oppresion.


3. You dont have authority or power unless the government gives it to you.


4. Men can do whatever they want as long os they dont endanger other mens rights and the law determines the limits of a mans rights.


5. The law only prohibits things that hurt societ or other peoples rights. Men cant be stopped from doing things that are legal and can not be forced to do anything.


6. The laws are what the people want. Every citizen can participate in making the laws or have a representative that participates for them. All citezens have equal right to public representation and law.


7. No one shall be accused and arrested unless they disobeyed the law. Those that do will be punished. Any citizen arrested must give in easily for those that resist will be accused an offense.


8. The law shall provide for such punishments only as are strictly andobviously necessary, and no one shall suffer punishment except it be legallyinflicted in virtue of a law passed and promulgated before the commission ofthe offense.


9. One who has been falsely accused must comply with police regulations and must be detained without resistance.


10. No person will be not allowed to act or speak because of his/her opinions as long as it does not affect public safety or order.


11. Every person can speak, write, and print text freely, but the person will be punished if he/she abuses the right.


12. The rights of man require military forces for potection, and they are for the good of all not not for personal use.


13. Taxes are necessary to maintain public forces & the cost of administration. These taxes will be equally distributed.


14. People can vote for how much the public should contribute to the well fare of society.


15. Society has the right to know about what goes on in the administration.


16. An area without laws and no difference in power has no constitution or does not abide by it.


17. Everyone has the right to property and it can only be taken away under specific governmental uses. However under these uses, the owner will be supplicated by the government.

It has flowers and bright colors that represent good and not evil. It has an angel on it so it apperas godlike. It reminds me of the ten commandments. The goal of this visual representation is that the rights are correct, godlike, and good.

“Common Sense” by Thomas Paine

1. "God; let a crown be placed thereon, by which the world may know, that so far as we approve of monarchy, that in America THE LAW IS KING. For as in absolute governments the King is law, so in free countries the law ought to be King; and there ought to be no other. But lest any ill use should afterwards arise, let the crown at the conclusion of the ceremony be demolished, and scattered among the people whose right it is. "
Paine says that in America, instead of having a royal king, they would have laws that are better. He says that they are the same thing, because in absolute governments the king makes the laws, but in free government, the laws rule them.

2. "For all men being originally equals, no one by birth could have a right to set up his own family in perpetual preference to all others for ever, and though himself might deserve some decent degree of honors of his cotemporaries, yet his descendants might be far too unworthy to inherit them." The colonists adopted the idea that there should not be just one family of generations ruling over a country. Everyone is equal, so anyone who is worthy enough may rule.

3. "No country on the globe is so happily situated, so internally capable of raising a fleet as America. Tar, timber, iron, and cordage are her natural produce. We need go abroad for nothing... A navy when finished is worth more than it cost... Let us build; if we want them not, we can sell; and by that means replace our paper currency with ready gold and silver. "This quote shows the Americans that they had the resources to rebel. Paine is stating that America is the most prosperous country on Earth with its natural resources being able to equip them so they don't need to import anything. If they had any materials they didn't want, they could export them and instead of paper currency, they would have silver and gold on hand.

Quotes from http://www.ushistory.org/paine/commonsense

What is Enlightenment?

1. Kant means men that have leisure time to think and arnt working all the time or living in fear of the government are free.
2. Freedom is important to the enlightenment because without it people cant speak their mind and enlighten others without being put in prison. It is also important because the people that come up with the philosophys need free time to think.
3. To become enlightened, people need to apply understanding to religeous issues confidently and without external guidance. Thay need to be released from their self imposed imaturity. The envirenment is a world in whitch people live freely.
4. Kant relates enlightenment to politics by saying that rulers dont have a problem with enlightenment or their subjects speaking freely as long as they obey the ruler's laws.

Offices of the Roman Republic

The Consuls are similar the the president. The consuls held the highest military comand and the president is the comander in chief. The consuls had to be 41 or 42 years old and the president must be 35. The consul is different becasue there are 2 and the had administrative, legistative and judicial power.

A Quaestor was similar to a chief of police. The quaestor investigated criminal acts just like a police pfficer. They also had power over armies and officers just like a chief of police has power over all police officers in that city. The Quastors were different because thay handled financial affairs.

The Roman Senate is different than the American Senate because The Roman Senate was an advisory for the consuls but hte american senate makes laws. The Roman senate controlled the treasury but the american senate does not.

Pericles Funeral Oration

1. According to Pericles Athens's form of democracy makes them great because any man can participate in government or law making. He says everyone is equal,"
Our form of government is called a democracy because its administration is in the hands, not of a few, but of the whole people. In the settling of private disputes, everyone is equal before the law." They also have alot of free time for festivals, athletic contests, and dramatics.
2. The other city-states train their boys from an early age and bring their allies to battles. Athens has a navy and land troops. They dont continually prepare for battle. Pericles says,"
Athenian, as far as I can see, is more self-reliant as an individual and behaves with exceptional versatility and grace in the more varied forms of activity."
3. Athens doesnt want help from other greek city-states. The Athenians also think someone who doesnt participate in government is "one who is good for nothing".

Top 10 World Issues

10. nuclear weapons- we live in fear of a massive nuclear war with millions of innocent casualties.

9. natural disasters- are a problem for countries not prepared and kill alot of people.

8. racism- is the cause of alot of hate in America and the world. It causes crime.

7. health issues- many people dont have proper health care and die everyday. people with disease who arent treated can spred disease

6. conflicts in Africa-the countries are unable to develop and many innocent people are killed. The countrys' debt grows and more conflict occurs.

5. global warming- is destroying the environment and we are running out of oil.

4. terrorism- kills inocent people and leads to war.

3. poverty- leads to crime, starvation, disease and overpopulation.

2. food and agricultural issues- as the worlds population grows and more people live in poverty farmers will have trouble growing enough food to support the worlds population.

1. human population- is growing rapidly and if we dont slow it down we will run out of space for people to live and more people will starve to death and live in poverty.

Plato & Aristotle Notes

Plato

• Socrates-plato-aristotle
• Plato comes from wealthy bakground
• watched socrates execution
• believed that gods created people but they didnt control peoples lives
• he started the academy where he taught lots of things
• had the idea of hell
• had 3 classes desiring,spirited and rational
• thought rational should rule

Aristotle

• Cerca 384-322
• Moved to athens when he was 17 and stayed for 20 yrs
• became a teacher at the academy
• when plato died he left
• Met the masadonian king phillip 2
• he taught phillips son alexander the great
• went back to athens started school-Lyceum
• for class he went on walks and talked he had 2 classes
• in the morning a small priveledged class and in the afternoon the public
• its called esoteric and exoteric
• lives alone then dies a yre after alexander
• wrote lots of books some about science
• understand your position in life
• believed in geocentricity and 4 elements wind/water/fire/earth
• didnt believe evolution and thought heavy objects fall faster than light ones
• believed our souls were inside our body but htey clouldnt leave
• thought exellence could only be achieved by mature educated upper class men

Plato was educated and he didint believeed only educate people should be in government.

Aristotle believed that the spartan government was the best just like Plato and he was Platos student.